Article 1335

There is violence when in order to wrest consent, serious or irresistible force is employed.

There is intimidation when one of the contracting parties is compelled by a reasonable and well-grounded fear of an imminent and grave evil upon his person or property, or upon the person or property of his spouse, descendants, or ascendants, to give his consent.

To determine the degree of the intimidation, the age, sex and condition of the person shall be borne in mind.

A threat to enforce one’s claim through competent authority, if the claim is just or legal, does not vitiate consent.

Mayroong karahasan kung upang mapilit ang pagpayag, seryoso o hindi maiiwasang pwersa ay gawin.

Mayroong intimidasyon kapag ang isang partido sa kontrata ay pinilit sa pamamagitan ng resonable at takot ng matinding kasamaan sa katauhan o pag-aari ng kanyang asawa at mga anak, sa pagbibigay ng pagpayag.

Para malaman ang degree ng intimidasyon, ang edad, kasarian at kundisyon ng isang tao ay dapat isa alang alang.

Ang pananakot para ipatupad ang isang kahilingan sa pamamagitan ng isang may kakayahang awtoridad, kung ang kahilingan ay tama at naaayon sa batas, ay hindi ginagawang depektibo ang pagpayag.

Violence is external and requires the employment of physical force which must be serious and irresistible.

Example:

If Matata Kutin signs a document because everytime he refuses, he is hit by the butt of the gun which causes blood to flow from his head then the contract is voidable.

Requisites for intimidation or threat:

1. Must produce a reasonable and well-grounded fear of an evil
2. Evil must be imminent and grave
3. Evil must be upon his person or property, or that of his spouse, descendants or ascendants.
4. It is the reason why he enters the contract.

Fear of displeasing a person to whom obedience or respect is due does not annul a contract.

Example:

Boy Takas committed a violation of law. Boy Sumbong threatens to report Boy Takas to the police unless the latter gives him P5,000.00